If the moon controls tides, why do we have spring and neap tides?
Flat Earth stance
Tides should be constant if gravity is the only factor; variations suggest other influences.
Scientist stance
Spring and neap tides result from the alignment of the Earth, moon, and sun; gravitational forces vary accordingly.
Rebuttal
The variation is predictable and can be modeled accurately using gravitational equations.
Why do tides vary in height across different locations?
Flat Earth stance
If the moon's pull was uniform, all areas should experience at least similar tidal heights as the moon's gravity passes across that area. Yet, we observe tidal nodes with little or no tidal increase adjacent to nodes with 9-foot or more variations. The ocean topography and cancellation models do not account for such variability in the moon alone model. Additionally, how do we explain the high tides occurring on the opposite side of the Earth at the same time?
Scientist stance
Tidal heights are influenced by local topography, ocean currents, and land masses. The gravitational pull of the moon is not the only factor; the shape of the coastline and the depth of the water also play significant roles.
Rebuttal
While geographical features do create complex interactions that affect tidal patterns, the models used to predict tides incorporate these factors. The gravitational influence of the moon is consistent, but local conditions can greatly amplify or diminish that effect.
